#2 DAN HART:
I think Jon's outline has some good elements. Classic definitions of citizenship seem to emphasize membership (Jon's “E”, to some extent, though I'm not sure emotional is quite right), rights/responsibilities, and participation, and these seem covered more or less by Jon's care model.
What isn't so clear, in my opinion, is whether all three elements of citizenship cohere in a fashion suggestive of an identity. Perhaps all elements are largely independent of each other; or maybe several are joined and influence each other, but 1 or more are independent.
We know, for example, that membership has identity-like qualities. Viewing oneself as an American is an enduring identity with motivational, cognitive, and emotional components. I'm not so sure that the other qualities are of this same nature.
Finally, I think it's important to be modest in expectations concerning civic efficacy. I understand that it is important, and associated with good outcomes. Nonetheless, as Joe Kahne pointed out in one article, community service can have as a potentially good outcome imparting an awareness of how difficult making change can be.